An intelligence quotient, or IQ, is a score derived from one of several different standardized tests designed to assess intelligence. The term "IQ" comes from the German Intelligenz-Quotient. When modern IQ tests are constructed, the mean (average) score within an age group is set to 100 and the standard deviation (SD) to 15. Today almost all IQ tests adhere to the assignment of 15 IQ points to each standard deviation, but this has not been the case historically. By construction, approximately 95% of the population scores within two SDs of the mean, i.e., has an IQ between 70 and 130.

IQ scores have been shown to be associated with such factors as morbidity and mortality, parental social status, and, to a substantial degree, parental IQ. While the heritability of IQ has been investigated for nearly a century, controversy remains regarding the significance of heritability estimates, and the mechanisms of inheritance are still a matter of some debate.

IQ scores are used in many contexts: as predictors of educational achievement or special needs, by social scientists who study the distribution of IQ scores in populations and the relationships between IQ score and other variables, and as predictors of job performance and income. The average IQ scores for many populations have been rising at an average rate of three points per decade since the early 20th century, a phenomenon called the Flynn effect. It is disputed whether these changes in scores reflect real changes in intellectual abilities.

Whether or not IQ tests are an accurate measure of intelligence is open to debate. It is difficult to define exactly what constitutes intelligence; it may be the case that IQ scores represent a very specific type of intelligence.

Initialism

IQ

Wikipedia IQ (plural IQs)

1. Intelligence Quotient.
2. (photography) Image quality.

Descendants

• Japanese: aikyū

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• Science: Social Sciences: Psychology: Tests and Testing (94)

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• Queendom IQ Tests
  queendom.com
  Various professionally designed online IQ tests.
• IQ Test - Study Master
  studymaster.org
  This website offers an IQ test for those interested in measuring some of their intelligence. The test contains 20 questions of multiple choices.
• Expert Rating
  expertrating.com
  Test for a fee that takes 30-40 minutes and provides online results.